That's an awkward one since the drive seems to be working as it should. You replaced the cable ruling out any intermittency there.
I'm starting to suspect the bios programming may have been incomplete needing an update or the eprom chip is the actual problem. One time everything seems to work and next you have a headache. Perhaps even the battery on the board is weak and there is no hardware fault? Even new batteries can be rejects at times.
The two things for the moment you could look into would be seeing if the latest bios update is newer then presently on and updating to see if the programming has a glitch and simply buying a battery or two for keeping onhand and seeing if the one now simply needs replacing. The cmos that's maintained by the battery counts on a good one for remembering the boot order and other settings as well as time and date.