Assembly language is specific to the processor. In other words, each processor has its own instruction set. For instance, a Motorola 68K processor has a different instruction set than an Intel Pentium.
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what is the most up to date, current book out there on assembly language for dos and linux
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As I mentioned above, assembly is specific to the processor, not the operating system. Typically, you learn assembly as you're learning computer architecture since they go hand-in-hand. In addition, you'll struggle to understand assembly without an understanding of the processor's architecture. One of the more popular introductory books to computer architecture (and assembly) is "Computer Organization and Design" by Patterson and Hennessy.