Facebook loads up just fine for me with Firefox, Opera in Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Vista, XP and Windows 7. So i know it isnt the site or the browser you are using. So it has to be something with your setup. The reason i said router is because one of the errors pointed to the address 127.0.0.1 which is your router address.
Try hooking the PC right up to the modem.
If i can get it working on 2 different PC's with several different OS's and browsers. There has to be something on your end blocking it.